The Department of State Health Services is warning residents and visitors of the Texas Gulf Coast to be cautious of a dangerous red tide known as karenia brevis. The red tide has been detected along the coast and poses harmful effects to both marine life and humans.

"People should exercise caution and minimize exposure in and around areas with an active bloom," advises the Department of State Health Services.

Karenia brevis is a harmful algae bloom (HAB) that forms when algae receives too many nutrients, causing it to grow rapidly and block out other oceanic life. The excessive nutrients come from inland sources such as fertilizer or erosion runoff that flows into waterways. This specific HAB turns the water a reddish/brown hue.

The red tide can generate toxins, including neurotoxic brevetoxins, which can be deadly to fish, birds, and other marine mammals. When waves break apart the cells that contain toxins, the brevetoxins are released as an aerosol, posing a risk to humans. Inhaling the toxins can cause a range of symptoms, including eye, skin, nose, and throat irritation. It can also worsen asthma symptoms or other respiratory issues.

To avoid ingesting the toxins, the American Lung Association (ALA) advises people to avoid areas with known red tide infestations. For those living near the water, the ALA recommends avoiding outdoor exercise and consulting with a doctor if they have asthma or other respiratory problems. It is also important to exercise caution when consuming shellfish, as contaminated shellfish can cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning.

The presence of karenia brevis and the associated red tide along the Texas Gulf Coast is a cause for concern. Residents and visitors are urged to take precautions and stay informed about the situation to ensure their safety and the well-being of the marine ecosystem.